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Related Products: Sapphire Windows
Sapphire is the single crystal form of the compound aluminum oxide and it is the second hardest material in nature after diamond. Sapphire offers optical transparency, physical strength, resistance to impact, abrasion, and corrosion, high pressure and temperature durability, bio-compatibility and is able to be shaped into nearly any shape for a variety of applications. It is an ideal base material for deposition of semiconductor materials for manufacturing optical and electronic devices.
Sapphire's electrical and material properties make it the predominant base material on which to produce white and blue LEDs and sapphire is also the base substrate material for producing Silicon-on-Sapphire RFICs.
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Sapphire properties |
Benefits |
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Resistant to high temperatures |
Does not melt at the temperature below 2050°C. Retains purity in high-temperature environments |
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Rigid and durable |
Resistant to scratching by a majority of materials Resistant to high pressure Enduring |
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Chemically inert, insoluble in the majority of conventional industrial solutions and corrosion-resistant |
Can be used in aggressive environment Easily washed Long-life performance Possess high purity In some environments operating life of sapphire up to 5 times more than of quartz |
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Wide transmittance spectrum in UV, visible IR and microwave ranges |
Continuous and stable transmittance of infra-red rays Outstanding light transmittance at 0.25 – 4.50 μm |
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High thermal conductivity |
Enables rapid heating and cooling |
Sapphire characteristics:
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General |
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Chemical formula: |
Al2O3 |
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Growing method: |
Kyropoulos, Stepanov (EFG) |
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Structure: |
hexagonal |
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a = b = 4.77 A |
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c = 13.04 A |
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Thermal |
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Melting temperature: |
2040 °C |
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Linear expansion coefficient: |
6.7 x 10-6 / °C parallel to С axis |
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5.0 x 10-6 / °C perpendicular to С axis |
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Thermal conductivity: |
46.06 W/m °K (0°C) |
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Mechanical |
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Density: |
3.98 g/cm3 |
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Hardness: |
Mohs: 9 |
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Knoop: 1800 daN/mm2 parallel to С axis |
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2200 daN/mm2 perpendicular to С axis |
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Tensile strength: |
400 MPa/mm2 (25°C) 275 MPa/mm2 (500°C) 345 MPa/mm2 (1000°C) |
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Flexural strength: |
35 to 39 daN/mm2 |
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Compression stress: |
2.0 GPa |
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Young's modulus |
3.6 x 104 to 4.4 x 104 daN/mm2 |
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Electric |
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Dielectric permeability: |
9.3 (103 - 109 Hz, 25°C) perpendicular to С axis |
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11.5 (1033 - 109 Hz, 25°C) parallel to С axis |
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Specific resistivity: |
1016 Ω/cm (25°C) |
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1011 Ω/cm (500°C) |
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106 Ω/cm (1000°C) |
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